Internal combustion engine system hta ahkyak ai daw langai hku nna, wan sau htu ai jak a hpaji masa hku nna ahkyak ai lam gaw, engine a bungli galaw ai lam hpe hkrak hkrak hkra machyi shangun ai hta sha n-ga, n-gun atsam hpe jai lang ai lam, grup yin hpe makawp maga ai lam, jak rung hpe kam hpa mai ai lam ni hta mung, hkum tsup ai hku karum ya ai lam ni hta mung rai nga ai. Engineering ningmu hku yu yang, wan sau hka ja ai jak ni gaw, grai kungkyang ai hka ja ai ladat ni hku nna, sau hka ja ai ladat hpe san seng hkra galaw ya ai majaw, engine bungli hpe ngang grin hkra galaw ya lu ai.
Wan hkru ai aten hta, wan sau kata na nhprang arai, hka, colloids zawn re ai awu asin ni hpe atsawm n hka ja yang, injector hpe pat kau ya ai, cylinder hpe grau htum hkra galaw ya ai, engine hpe pyi hkra machyi shangun chye ai. Dai ni na aten na wan sau hka ja ai jak ni gaw, multi-layer composite hka ja ai arung arai ni hpe jai lang nna, npu na n-gun hpe hkang lu ai hte centrifugal garan ginhka ai hpaji masa hpe kayau kaya lang nna, hka ja ai a hkrak ai lam hte hka hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam hpe rap ra hkra galaw lu ai. Ndai hpaji masa rawt jat wa ai gaw, wan sau jai lang ai lam hpe grai kaja hkra galaw ya nna, n hkum tsup ai wan hkru ai majaw byin pru wa ai wan n-gun hpe shayawm ya lu ai, mungkan ting na n-gun hpe makawp maga ai hte wan n-gun hpe shayawm ai masa ni hte maren rai nga ai.
Material hpaji masa hku yu yang, wan sau hka ja ai jak hpe sawk sagawn ai lam hte gyin shalat ai lam gaw, polymer membrane hpaji masa, nanofiber hka ja ai jak media, hte n-gun n rawng ai magri n-gun ni hpe jai lang na matu shadut ya nga ai. Ga shadawn, high-end filter nkau mi gaw, hka hpe wan sau kaw na active hku garan ginhka lu na matu, hka hpe n-gun n rawng ai coating hpe lang nna, electrochemical corrosion hpe pat shingdang lu ai. Ndai zawn re ai hpaji ningnan ni gaw filter a prat hpe galu shangun ai sha n-ga, gram lajang ai manu hpe mung shayawm ya lu ai majaw, hpaji hparat hpan amyu myu hpe hpawng de ai a tatut manu dan ai lam hpe madun dan nga ai.
Dai hta n-ga, hpaji rawng ai wan sau htu ai jak ni hpe jai lang ai masa mung pru wa nga ai. Pressure sensors hte lwi ai hpe yu reng ai module ni hpe hpawng de ai hku nna, -prat nnan na arung arai ni gaw, hka ja ai lam a masa hpe aten dep-hpaji jaw ya ai, tau hkrau tsun da ai gram lajang ai lam a matu data madi shadaw ya ai. Ndai hpaji masa rawt jat wa ai lam gaw, jak rung masa hpe kam hpa mai ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai sha n-ga, matut mahkai ai mawdaw ni hte hpaji rawng ai ana jep chyoi ai ladat ni a matu hardware npawt nhpang hpe mung gawgap ya nga ai.
Tsun ga nga yang, wan sau hka htung ni a hpaji masa hku nna ahkyak ai lam gaw, daw langai a bungli galaw ai shara hpe lai di kau ya ai. Shanhte a hpaji masa rawt jat wa ai lam gaw, wan hkru ai jak a n-gun atsam, grup yin hpe makawp maga ai lam, hpaga lam galaw ai lam ni hta grai hkra machyi shangun nga ai. Htawm hpang de, arung arai hpaji hte hka hpe hkang ai hpaji masa ni hta rawt jat galu kaba wa ai hte, wan sau hka ja ai jak ni gaw, powertrain hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ai hta, galai shai n lu ai lit hpe matut nna gun hpai na re.